如今,真相是否還掌握在多數人的手上?
迎接早晨,睡眼惺忪的我們經常配著早餐、快速瀏覽新聞摘要,這也許是再普通不過的日常,更被許多人視為理所當然。然而,你可能很難想像,有些記者為了追尋「真相」時,犧牲了性命。
時至年底,每一年美國雜誌《TIME》都會特別推出「Person of the Year(年度風雲人物)」主題故事,總結過去一整年影響世界的新聞大事。繼去年「The Silence Breakers (打破沉默的人)」後,今年的封面依舊強而有力,宛如當頭棒喝,提醒著世人,新聞從不是一件簡單的事。
Person Of The Year
稍早,《TIME》以「The Guardians and the War on Truth(真相守護者和事實之戰)」獻給了勇於尋求真相的新聞工作者,四張封面,各自敘述著四段故事,但唯一不變的,是他們冒著危險追求更廣泛的真相、坦率發聲、勇於報導事實,卻在過程中遭到逮補,甚至因此失去了性命。
回顧今年十月,沙烏地阿拉伯異議記者 Jamal Khashoggi (賈邁勒·卡舒吉)於沙烏地阿拉伯駐土耳其伊斯坦堡領事館慘遭殺害,引起國際軒然大波。Khashoggi 生前為美國居民,同時也是《The Washington Post》撰稿人,曾多次發表批評沙烏地的文章,成為此次遇害的關鍵主因。
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This year, @time magazine recognizes “The Guardians and the War on Truth” as the Person of the Year; four journalists and one news organization: Jamal Khashoggi, murdered; Wa Lone and Kyaw Soe Oo, convicted; Maria Ressa, indicted; and The Capital Gazette of #Annapolis, #Maryland, where four reporters and a sales assistant were murdered earlier this year. Saudi journalist and @WashingtonPost columnist Jamal Khashoggi, who was murdered in the Saudi Arabian consulate in Istanbul on October 2, is the subject of CPJ's campaign #JusticeForJamal. The two Reuters reporters Wa Lone and Kyaw Soe Oo are serving seven years each in prison on charges of violating #Myanmar's colonial-era Official Secrets Act. Wednesday, December 12, marks the one-year anniversary of their arrest. #MariaRessa is CPJ's 2018 Gwen Ifill Press Freedom Awardee. The report also highlights CPJ's International Press Freedom awardees Nguyen Ngoc Nhu Quynh of #Vietnam, Luz Mely Reyes of #Venezuela, Amal Habbani of #Sudan, and Can Dündar of #Turkey. “The attacks against the press feed into populism’s dark side,” the report says. The journalists and news organizations selected for the #TimePersonOfTheYear “are representative of a broader fight by countless others around the world,” jailed and murdered. So far in 2018, at least 52 journalists have been killed in relation to their work worldwide. Read their names and stories at cpj.org/killed Cover photo: Jamal Khashoggi (Moises Saman—Magnum Photos for TIME (Source photo: Alamy)) Photos from left to right, all credited to @MoisesSaman — @MagnumPhotos for TIME: Chit Su Win and Pan Ei Mon, photographed here with their children, are the wives of the two @Reuters journalists Kyaw Soe Oo and Wa Lone Maria Ressa, founder, CEO and executive editor of @rappler Staff of the Capital Gazette newspaper Nguyen Ngoc Nhu Quynh, known by her pen name #MotherMushroom or #MeNam Luz Mely Reyes, co-founder @efecto.cocuyo Can Dundar, exiled Turkish journalist Shahidul Alam, Bangladeshi photojournalist
A post shared by CPJ (@committeetoprotectjournalists) on Dec 11, 2018 at 1:59pm PST
Jamal Khashoggi 遭受嚴格的審訊及酷刑,最後被殘忍分屍,錄音檔傳來的最後一句,是他的死前掙扎:「我無法呼吸…」只因報導了真相,勇敢說出大家不敢說的、反對自己的國家、揭露沙烏地王儲看似開放政策下的虛偽臉孔,迎來如此慘痛的代價,榮膺《TIME》年度風雲人物。
置身混亂的資訊時代,更凸顯記者的重要
另外三本封面故事,分別談論:美國報社「Capital Gazette(首都報)」於今年六月遭槍手闖入辦公室開槍,造成 5 名員工喪命、前往緬甸採訪洛興雅穆斯林危機遭逮捕的路透社記者 Wa Lone(瓦隆)以及 Kyaw Soe Oo(喬索歐)以及遭到菲律賓當局打壓的媒體人 Maria Ressa(瑞薩)。
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In Annapolis, Md., staff of the Capital (@capgaznews), a newspaper published by Capital Gazette Communications, which traces its history of telling readers about the events in Maryland to before the American Revolution, pressed on without the five colleagues gunned down in their #newsroom on June 28. Still intact, indeed strengthened after the mass shooting, are the bonds of #trust and #community that for national news outlets have been eroded on strikingly partisan lines, never more than this year. The Capital staff is one of the Guardians, TIME's Person of the Year 2018. #TIMEPOY Read the full story at TIME.com/POY2018. Photograph by @moisessaman—@magnumphotos for TIME
A post shared by TIME (@time) on Dec 11, 2018 at 5:43am PST
記者的唯一使命,是在社會中不斷地尋求真相,試圖找到更好的解答和方式,帶領世人迎向更好到未來,哪怕過程可能為自己招來橫禍,也要繼續報導下去,不惜冒著入獄甚至付出生命的風險,也要完成自己的工作,他們無疑代表著全世界新聞人員的奮鬥,令人尊敬,更值得我們反思。
置身後真相時代,哪怕真相被他人刻意操弄和利用,仍有一群追求真相的新聞工作者依舊努力地讓事件公諸於世。我們來到了「假新聞」和「真相」不斷抗衡的年代,你可以不去相信和你意見相左的聲音,但你不可以忽略真相,因為在新聞事件的背後,可能藏著幾位因而失去性命的記者。
Cover / Photos via《TIME》
Cover Art Design : Chara